Heart surgery, also known as cardiac surgery, is a medical procedure performed to treat conditions affecting the heart and its blood vessels. It involves surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve repair or replacement, heart transplant, and closure of congenital heart defects. The goal of heart surgery is to improve blood flow to the heart, repair damaged or malfunctioning valves, or replace a diseased heart with a healthy one. These procedures are often complex and require a highly skilled team of surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses working together to achieve the best possible outcomes for patients.